Each case study within the PROFECY project looks into real inner peripheral problems and by applying the theoretical concepts and analysing the critical factors and drivers in the inner peripheral processes

Juuka (LAU 2), located in south-eastern Finland, can be seen as an archetype of a small, rural and remote Finnish municipality that has been facing population decline for many decades. From 1972 to 2018,

The Municipality of Kastoria (LAU 1), located in Western Macedonia Region, is a border area, gateway to Albania and other Balkan countries. This region is experiencing one of the most serious shrinking

Alt Maestrat county displays the characteristic traits of Southern European shrinking rural areas (importance of agriculture, mountain conditions and remoteness), while being in the relative proximity

The Szentes district (LAU1) is located in the Great Hungarian Plain. The area is characterised by traits of “inner peripherality” linked to its geographical position (in between two regional centres),

The Mansfeld-Südharz (NUTS 3) region is an example of long-lasting population decline that characterizes East of Germany. Shrinkage, for this region was linked to the re-unification process (1989) and

The Mansfeld-Südharz (NUTS 3) region is an example of long-lasting population decline that characterizes East of Germany. Shrinkage, for this region was linked to the re-unification process (1989) and

The case study areas of Siemiatycze, Hajnówka and Bielsk districts (LAU 1) are located in the Łomża subregion (NUTS 3). After World War II, Poland's borders changed and the area became peripheral, bordering

Lovech province (NUTS 3), comprising a group of three municipalities, Troyan, Apriltsi and Ougarchin is situated in the lagging North-Western region of Bulgaria. The origins of depopulation in these rural

The CIRCTER project also carried out three spin-off studies to increase the national, regional and local relevance of the CIRCTER evidence in policy processes and developments at different scales. This